There are many plants I wish were in my garden, but when spring arrives the one I miss the most is Pasque Flower or Prairie Crocus (Pulsatilla vulgaris).  While many plants are still sleeping in the spring garden, Pasque Flower is happy to hail the new season.  

This plant is native to much of Canada.  According to the Canadian Wildlife Federation, Pasque Flower ranges "from the Yukon and Northwest Territories down through British Columbia and across to the western tip of Ontario and is the floral emblem of Manitoba."  It is typically found in "open areas such as prairies, rocky outcrops, slopes and occasionally in woodland clearings."

Pasque Flower is also a useful, if little known, pollinator plant. The flowers offer abundant pollen when bees are eager for an early-season food source.  Some observe that the generous, upright flowers provide a place for small insects to warm up, thanks to the arrangement of their sepals which reflect sunshine, increasing the temperature inside the bloom by several degrees.

Like me, you may fall for the fuzzy stems and the charming little 'pinwheels' that form from the spent flowers. These interesting structures  add texture in the garden for some weeks.  

​Take a little time to read cultivation requirements for this hardy plant at Dave's Garden. 

And, you can read more about cultivated varieties in Susan Mahr's article at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Extension.  Check your nursery for plants or purchase seeds online. 

You might guess how much I like Pasque Flower as you view my new home page image. 
​So beautiful, don't you think?

Want to grow Pasque Flower in your garden?  Find plants and seeds at these locations:
Canning Perennials - for 'Alba' or white Pasque Flower
Wildflower Farm - for seeds

What can provide more pleasure, early in the season, than making the rounds of the nurseries and big-box stores to source out new plant varieties and old favourites.  Time and time again, however, I find myself asking the same two questions:
Why are we seeing the same clematis varieties year after year?
Why are so many offered which are not guaranteed to survive in our Zone 3 gardens?

Group B (2) Clematis

• large-flowered hybrids, single and double
• bloom in early summer and occasionally re-bloom in late summer
• flower on previous year's growth

This group is the least reliable and should be avoided.  Some examples are:

• 'Duchess of Edinborouqh'
• 'Multi Blue'
• 'Dr. Ruppel'
• 'Henryi'
• 'The President'
• 'Elsa Spath'
• 'Niobe'
• 'Nelly Moser'
• 'H.F. Young'

You will recognize several of the above selections since they regularly appear of big-box stores and some nurseries. Do not be tempted!

Want to learn more?
Most of the cultivars mentioned are profiled on the Royal Horticultural Society online plant guide.  It is an excellent compendium of plant information, but always confirm the Canadian hardiness of plants to be sure of success in our colder zone.

Tell me, do you dream of having a greenhouse one day?  What about a greenhouse big enough to start a nursery business?  Fifteen years ago, this was Karen Breukelman's dream.  And while the timing was a surprise, Karen put her love of gardening together with her desire for home-based employment and launched 'My Blooming Business'.

Today, country and city gardeners alike take the drive to Karen's rural greenhouse for a healthy selection of plants.  Karen was a member of the Thunder Bay & District Master Gardeners and she still shares her gardening advice with customers, often showing them how a plant blooms or matures in her own garden.  She knows her plants, especially those that are hardy for our cold climate.

With spring just around the corner, I asked Karen to talk with me about her greenhouse business and her love of gardening. 

The interview follows ...

How and when did you start your greenhouse?
A:  We started in 2001 when we purchased a greenhouse from the old experimental farm.  The opportunity to buy a 22 x 100 foot greenhouse came up by tender.  We put in a very low bid  and found out two days later that we got the greenhouse and that we would have to move it to our farm about a kilometer away.  We had to take it apart like a jigsaw puzzle, reassemble it at our location, and then decide what we would do with it.  So it wasn't a planned thing, it was something that just came along.

At the time we thought maybe we would go into the cut flower business, but the first year we opened to the public [with bedding plants], we also offered plants as a fundraiser for the Thunder Bay Christian school.  A lot of the patrons of the school are in our area.  The fundraiser let people get a taste of what we were growing at a good price.  Then from there it grew and grew. 

also What plants do you grow?
A:  I try to grow all the basics that would have been in your mother's garden and your grandmother's garden ― the geraniums, the petunias, the pansies, the marigolds.  But then I also try to grow things that are new and different and unusual.  I'm trying to be a one-stop shop where people can come and get their basics in the four-packs or full trays and they can also get things that you wouldn't find at a big commercial greenhouse.  I look far and wide for things that are unusual.  

Every year I have a few new things and I bring back the popular things from the years before. 
I try to have the old heirloom varieties ― like the nicotiana that grows six feet tall that you just can't find anymore but people remember their grandparents growing ― and I try to have something that's just coming out on the market.

I grow a lot of vegetables.  More people are interested in growing their own.  We noticed last year that the trend to growing your own vegetables is gaining.  And also canning, people are canning.  For the vegetables, I try to have short-season varieties, things that mature early, like green peppers that will turn red within our season.  Anything I grow is for our region ― Zone 2-3, 3b ― so that people will have success.

What do you find your customers are looking for?
A:  One of the things people are coming for is someone who will take the time to talk to them.  I have a lot of people who come to my greenhouse who don't have a lot of experience with gardening.  I can take the time ― if they come on a quieter day ― to help them choose plants and just help them to understand how to garden better.

What is the biggest lesson you’ve learned in running a greenhouse?
A:  That's a good question.  I think, how all-consuming it is at a certain time of year.  You almost have to brace yourself for it because once it starts, you have to be all in.  Once I start the greenhouse at the beginning of April, it's morning to night that you are thinking about it.  Because we are a family-run business, it's me, my husband Gerald, and our daughter who helps when she can, when she's not in school.  I don't have back up and once I start I can't leave the property for any length of time.  That was what surprised me when we first started.  But it's exciting, it's invigorating, it's lovely work. 

Do you have time to grow a garden for yourself?  What do you have here on the property?
A:  Last year, because it was our transition year and we were moving [from the dairy farm which was sold to a new property and new house], I didn't have any flowerbeds.  I missed it so much!  We didn't even have grass.  I realized how much I missed puttering in the garden.  So at the end of the summer we put in sod and I outlined my beds. 

There is a big oval in front of the house.  I want masses of plants there, for impact.  I want you to be a hundred feet away and say, 'Wow, what's going on over there?'  I'm going for impact from a distance ― that is my plan.  At the end of the house we put in a large perennial bed that's about 9 or 10 feet deep and about 28 feet long.  I haven't started working on that one at all.  I am very excited for this year. 

We are also going to put in a vegetable garden.  I didn't have a vegetable garden last year.  Again, I missed it so much.  You don't even realize how much you appreciate being able to walk out the door and get some lettuce or herbs, right?  It's just so simple. 

When you imagine your garden in the future – say, in five years’ time – what do you envision?
A:  I think, established perennials beds, but still playing with annuals, because I have so many choices in annuals with the greenhouse and lots of fun things that I get to try.  In my flowerbeds I like to try out new plants and see how they do.  I like to test out different things and just play.  The annuals give me that opportunity to mix it up and change it every year.

What kind of garden appeals to you?
A:  I like a crowded garden.  I like a flowerbed that the plants are close enough that you don't see the dirt.  I guess a cottage garden style.  Mixed with stepping stones and old pieces of wood, things you've collected over the years, just things that make it personal.  I like to throw interesting things in that catch you off guard ― little surprises.  But I'm going to have to work on that here yet, and figure out what my surprises will be!

Peonies – perhaps more than any other flowering plant – lend the garden a sense of grace.  Their delicate, complex blossoms belie the hardy nature of these long-lived perennials.  Given the right conditions, a peony can quite possibly outlive the gardener who tends it.

A quick primer on peony origins and types ...
As American peony grower Allan Rogers writes, "Peonies, the genus Paeonia, are native to Morocco and Spain across the mountainous regions of Europe and the Mediterranean, through the Caucasus to central Asia, on into China and Japan and even the western United States" (Rogers, p. 45).  Peonies have been cultivated for centuries both in Europe and Asia.

Within the genus Paeonia there are two distinct groups.  First there are tree peonies. Characterized by their woody growth, tree peonies originate in the remote areas of China and have only recently become more available to gardeners.  They can grow into one to six foot flowering shrubs, but they are only considered hardy to USDA Zone 4.

Second are the  herbaceous peonies which die to ground level in the fall.  Their return each year brings rich blooms during the transition from spring into summer; their shiny foliage continues to anchor a perennial bed after the blooms have faded.  Most herbaceous cultivars are able to grow successfully in the Zones 2-3 cold of northern Ontario and their long history of cultivation has resulted in a diversity of flower form, colour and fragrance. 

Peonies are an excellent plant choice for the gardener doing battle with deer and rabbits.  One nibble and these animals are  likely to leave peonies alone, thanks to the bitter-tasting "phenol compounds found in the plant's foliage and flowers" (Rogers, p. 7).

Meet a true lover of Paeonia ...
Many avid gardeners find themselves fascinated with a particular plant species.  For Master Gardener Eloise Rodger, it's the peony in its many cultivated forms that has captured her imagination. 

A visit to Eloise's garden when these beauties are in bloom is a summer highlight.  Last month Eloise generously agreed to a tour and a chat about her collection of herbaceous peonies.  As we walked, Eloise easily named each cultivar, its development date and the name of the plant breeder.

NOTE:  August is a good time of year for dividing and planting peonies.  Canadian suppliers dig to order and ship roots with fall planting in mind.  Peony roots are also available for purchase online through the Annual Fall Root Sale of the Canadian Peony Society.

Eloise's love of plants has made her a valued mentor for me and other gardeners.  Her passion for peonies keeps these perennials ever on her mind ... "I'm always thinking.  I don't like some of those big doubles.  I might take those out and get something I desire."